The Effects of Technology on Humans Social Media

Presentation and History Social media alludes to all the web destinations that are utilized for non-official associations. There are different types of online life relying upon the name of the website and the sort of connection it bolsters. Facebook, Skype, Twitter and Badoo are a portion of the normally utilized internet based life structures (Gentle 2012 p. 34).Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on The Effects of Technology on Humans: Social Media explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In request to separate between online life and different types of intuitive media, one can take a gander at the sort of language utilized; for web based life there is no official language or expert language to be utilized. The different types of online networking have their own various causes albeit every one of them started with two companions attempting to get in touch with one another over the web which prompted the making of a webpage wherein they later included t heir companions (Watts 2009 p. 57) Uses of Social Media and Why People Use Social Media Social media licenses communication with less standards dissimilar to different types of media. Individuals don't care for adhering to rules and it is the explanation they are pulled in to web based life more than different types of media. It additionally encourages free sharing of thoughts, life issues and different types of correspondence between at least two companions who are a long way from one another (Shirky 2008 p. 42). Cost is another significant factor individuals consider while picking a vehicle of correspondence. Most web based life destinations have modest and appealing rates contrasted with different types of media subsequently individuals like to utilize them. Adaptability of web based life is an incredible perspective that makes it simple to use since it is available whenever (Van Dijik 2013 p. 31). Today you can speak with a companion who is miles from the solace of your family r oom utilizing your cell phone. Companions go through online networking to get on visit destinations. Web based life gives a stage to publicize occasions, welcome loved ones for capacities, have conversations on different life matters without individuals meeting genuinely and even execute business which pulls in countless clients (Watts 2009). Who Uses Social Media and How Social media is ordinarily utilized by youngsters. Research shows that as one stands out enough to be noticed draws from online networking. The accompanying table shows the different age sections and their comparing rates of time via web-based networking media. The data is acquired from different studies and explores led by researchers keen via web-based networking media. Generally online networking is utilized for boundless collaboration among individuals (Shirky 2008 p. 98). Age section Percentage of day by day time spent via web-based networking media 13-19 years 75% 20-26 years 52% 27-multi year 34% 41-70years 5% 70-120 years 0.0001% Advantages of Social media It is less exorbitant when contrasted with different types of correspondence. A model is setting up a burial service declaration on communicate media costs a great deal of cash for a brief declaration on radio and one will be required to abbreviate the message which may prompt bending of the message. Then again, you simply need to buy web groups to get to online networking and post your declaration (Van Dijik 2013 p. 78).Advertising Looking for evaluation on it? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fewer methodology are utilized in online networking making it adaptable not at all like different types of media. It very well may be gotten to from any piece of the world with great system inclusion. Sharing proficient thoughts over web-based social networking encourages profession advancement. It likewise improves efficient since individuals don't need to meet truly to impart (Gentl e 2012 p. 46). Hindrances of Social Media Social media is addictive and individuals wind up going through a few hours via web-based networking media. It likewise permits kids to get to unethical material like explicit destinations which lead to obscene cultural standards. It removes the public activity of a person as it turns out to be difficult to converse with individuals eye to eye once one is accustomed to doing it over internet based life. Besides, the expense of utilizing online life may appear to be low however the combined utilization of social locales is costly over the long haul. All the more in this way, the online networking is a chasing ground for sick people, for example, pedophiles and digital cheaters (Watts 2009 p. 67). My Opinion In my sentiment utilizing online networking in a controlled manner is correct. One ought to abstain from review destinations that may prompt their ethical rot. It is likewise not off-base to utilize web-based social networking when one is free yet it isn't right to forsake your obligations in order to have a brief look at your preferred locales. I suggest that individuals utilize online life in the correct manner and at the perfect time. End It is apparent from the examination in the article that internet based life has flourished in our general public and it has both positive effects and negative effects on one’s lives. One ought to guarantee they advantage more from utilizing web based life and decrease the negative effects. Along these lines, the most ideal methods of utilizing web-based social networking ought to be embraced in the event that we need to receive the majority of its rewards. Works Cited Gentle, Anne. Discussion and Community: The Social Web for Documentation. Laguna Hills, CA: XML Press, 2012. Print Shirky, Clay. Here Comes Everybody. New York, NY: Penguin Press, 2008. Print.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on The Effects of Technology on Humans: Social Media explic itly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Van Dijik, Jose. The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013. Print. Watts, Duncan. Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age. London, UK: Vintage, 2009. Print. This evaluation on The Effects of Technology on Humans: Social Media was composed and presented by client Kali F. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Making Sense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Seeming well and good - Essay Example to choose whether whatever going on is valid or bogus, and whether it is fortunate or unfortunate. Seeming well and good is an approach to satisfy the interest of an individual, and can be comprehended in levels of encounters which incorporate; the five detects, expressions of love and the recollections whereby without these the encounters would be downright information. Along these lines, to comprehend the information situational examination is significant for example what might be generally reasonable in a specific circumstance which would thus lead towards great dynamic. In addition, to use sound judgment, legitimacy is the key, which is additionally described by understanding, getting, judgment and choice to choose if we are mindful or not. The most fascinating piece of appearing well and good with regards to this section was the suggestion that we as people are all reality searchers, we need to understand the world since we continue pondering, and we are continually endeavoring to expel the disarray around us, additionally in light of the fact that we are interested. These are every one of those real factors which we can't overlook, and even for all intents and purposes bodes well as that is the reason we need to comprehend the world. Part 4: Making Sense, Epistemology This section centers around the epistemology of appearing well and good for example the way of thinking behind creation sense, which can be isolated into four levels. These levels or stages incorporate understanding, getting, judgment and choice. ... The outside components of observations incorporate faculties while the inside elements incorporate effect (feelings and so on). Further comes comprehension and we can recognize understanding from comprehension by thinking about that while encounters are solitary, understanding includes ideas which are various and complex. To get implications, one ought to be intrinsically inquisitive which excites the Eurika Movement for example the bits of knowledge. Likewise, interests for comprehension may b common or developed while interests rely upon the inward factors, in this way at the end of the day understanding includes acumen. Then again, judgment includes check which suggests that it implies proof. Experience and vulnerability principals are required to make judgment. In addition, being critical methods being sensible. The most fascinating and wise piece of this part include the interest head which is an unquestionable requirement to comprehend, for example the Eureka Moment is initiate d by the strain of enquiry for example being interested. Along these lines, being interested is normally a pre-imperative of building up a comprehension or in other world for understanding ideas mentally. Part 5: Practical Wisdom This section focuses on fundamentally understanding the idea of ethical quality and goodness, what we see as the ethical specialists and so on. Additionally, this section expects on valuing the structures made by people which makes us true individuals. Ultimately, to assist us with understanding the degrees of amazing quality is likewise another motivation behind the section. Right off the bat, we have to comprehend that profound quality is a trademark discovered uniquely in people, and not found in other normal species, for example the Flora, Fauna or other infinite powers. Ethical quality is identified with soundness and it is grounded in our religion, reasoning and gratification. Next comes the idea of good

Essay Topics - How to Find Great Argument Essay Topics

Essay Topics - How to Find Great Argument Essay TopicsGreat Argument Essay topics are found in almost any college campus. While every student who enters college has different reasons for attending, many students are motivated by the experiences they have while being a student. They are drawn to great idea essays because they can benefit from learning from other students.The best ways to find great essay topics is to consider a variety of factors. You need to consider how often the assignment will be given, the number of students who will be in the class, the reason the essay will be given and the composition of the essay.One thing to keep in mind when considering great argument essay topics is that it will be one of the most important parts of the essay. The essay is written in order to prepare the student for a future examination, such as a class test. Writing the essay and then solving the exam will help the student gain a better understanding of what they have studied. As long as the student is doing well on the essay, the teacher or instructor will recognize that the student can succeed in a future situation.Writing a good essay can be a challenge. If the student is unsure what to write, they should consult with a college counselor, the professor or another student who will help them write a well-written essay. A student who is unsure of what to write, or is unsure of how to write a great essay, may need help with their topic of choice. It will help if the student has already written a good topic essay.Great essay topics can be found in practically any subject. Whether it is an area of study, like math, geography, economics or history, the student can find topics that they enjoy. Finding great essay topics can also help students in their life and help them gain confidence as they prepare for the next semester. This is why finding topics for essay can be difficult.Some tips when choosing great essay topics can help in making the student's success more likely . First, the student must think about what they will be writing. Often students have ideas for essays but do not know what they want to write. The student needs to choose topics that they will love to write and use their imagination.Second, a student needs to consider the time that they have to write. The essay should be written within a specific time frame. In most cases, the essay should be between one and two pages long. Students will be able to become more productive if they are able to complete their assignment in a shorter period of time.

Sexual Harassment And The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay

Scott St. Clair Gina Olmo December 15, 2016 Background of Sexual Harassment Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination. Federal law as well as various state fair-employment laws prohibit employers with 15 or more employees from treating members of one sex or race differently from members of the opposite sex or another race in terms, conditions, or privileges of employment. The statutory and regulatory laws govern the entire employment process from pre-employment activities such as recruiting, through an employee s career with the organization, including termination. The prohibition against sex discrimination imposes responsibility upon employers to afford their employees an environment free from sexual harassment and from the fear that it may occur. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) can file lawsuits on behalf of victims of sexual harassment. The legal process is long and cumbersome it can be years from the first complaint to the final verdict. Though, Title VII offers reinstatement to previous job, the individual may be harassed by co-workers making conditions even more uncomfortable than they were beforehand. However, the solutions proposed might seem comprehensive in plans to lessen sexual harassment in the workplace and punishment of harassers. The proposed measures fail to cover all aspects of harassment, though the truth is, it is virtually impossible to formulate a plan to do so.Show MoreRelatedSexual Harassment And The Civil Rights Act Of 19641706 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is sexual harassment? The Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network defines sexual harassment as, â€Å"unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature in which submission to or rejection of such conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual s work or school performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work or school environment† (Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, 2009). In the United St ates Sexual harassmentRead MoreAddressing Employment Law Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesAddressing Employment Law Civil Rights Act of 1964 The National Archives gives back ground on the (Civil Rights Act of 1964). National Archives website, www.archives.gov is full of archives regarding the United States. There is a session for teacher, that allows the site to be used as a resource. The (Civil Rights Act of 1964) was a response to a question presented, is the 14th Amendment being upheld. Society question the government, are certain groups of people being denied social justiceRead MoreHelp for Sufferers of Discrimination and Harassment in the Workplace1430 Words   |  6 PagesCivil Rights Act of 1991 Once upon a time our great nation was not so great. Blacks and women of every race did not have rights like we do now. They were not allowed to vote, work and get paid for equal work. Blacks and whites were separated, they were not allowed to do or go anywhere there was a white establishment. There were many protests at this time in our history and many people were hurt and/or died during political demonstrations. An epic moment in time was when John F. Kennedy broughtRead MoreEssay on Sexual Harassment1046 Words   |  5 Pagesvictim of sexual pressure. These instances can take place at work, school, the military and even at church. But exactly what is sexual exploitation or unwanted sexual behavior? After looking at several definitions for sexual abuse I came across the following definition that I feel will help all of us to better understand what inappropriate sexual behavior is. Sexual harassment was defined by The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) as unwelcome a dvances and requests for sexual behaviorRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641078 Words   |  5 Pages Immanuel Kant once said â€Å"In law a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so.† (Kant, n.d.). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 includes prohibition of sex discrimination which includes sexual harassment and hostile work environment. An example will be used to help define the law that is relevant to sexual harassment and hostile work environments, along with describing the facts of the case. A view on current lessons learned andRead MoreSexual Harassment And The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Harassment in the Work Place: Building More Awareness In today’s society, sexual harassment in the workplace has become a problem. This problem should have more attention and awareness provided to help stop these situations from happening. Sexual harassment can happen anywhere, at any time, and to everyone. It does not discriminate and effects all ethnicity, genders, age, and races. Due to the larger number of cases presented in courts today, sexual harassment in the workplace continues toRead MoreEssay on Sexual Harassment809 Words   |  4 PagesSexual Harassment Sexual Harassment can take many forms; including a request for sexual favors; unwelcome sexual advances towards others, verbal, physical, or foreseeable conduct of a sexual nature towards people. This illegal conduct could occur in houses, or public places, hotels, restaurants, and can most often occur in the workplace. Employers, especially in the service industries, should pay careful attention to complaints by employees about customer conduct. An employer can be held liableRead MoreEssay about Civil Rights and Equal Employment Opportunity1121 Words   |  5 Pagessince the Civil Rights Act of 1964 took effect nearly 50 years ago. Our current President is of African American decent, we not only have women sitting on the U.S. Supreme Court, but minority Justices as well. Still, with the leaps and bounds we as a country have made, discrimination still exists in not only our daily lives, but in the job market as well. Anti-discrimination legislation has been part of our country’s history for 145 years. In 1866, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in hopesRead MoreConstructive Discharge767 Words   |  4 Pagesan infringement on her religious beliefs and she is claiming discrimination and constructive discharge based on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Constructive Discharge and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits intentional discrimination or â€Å"practices that have the effect of against any person based on race, national origin, sexual preference, religion or disability discriminating against individuals because of their race, color, national origin, religion,Read MoreEssay on Title Vii1020 Words   |  5 Pagesa job before the 1964 Congress enacted the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Title VII was one of the major legislation that was a direct result of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. A famous civil rights leader by the name of Martin Luther King Jr. Was very instrumental in obtaining this act and he believed that everyone should be treated fairly and that minorities should not be given a job based upon the color of their skin. Congress must have agreed because in 1964 President Lyndon

The Biography Of Adam Smith - 1505 Words

The Biography of Adam Smith Adam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, Scotland in the year 1923, and died in the year 1790 at the age of 67 (Stewart, 1861). His exact date of birth is unknown but was baptized on 5th June 1723. His father was a prosecutor, advocate, and solicitor but passed on two months after his birth, leaving his mother to bring him up. His mother, Margaret Douglas, played a great role in his upbringing, especially in education. He joined the Burgh school where he learned history, writing, Latin and mathematics. He went to the University of Glasgow at the age of 14 where he studied moral philosophy; he also established his passion for reason, free speech and liberty (Stewart, 1861). In 1740, he entered Balliol College, Oxford where he undertook his postgraduate studies and became the first student to gain from the scholarship of John Snell. Conversely, his studies at Balliol College, Oxford did not contribute a lot towards his lifework as compared to his studies at Glasgow University (Stewart, 1861). His professional life began in 1748 when he began giving lectures in Edinburgh with the approval of Lord Kames. He met with David Hume in 1750 who remained one of his closest friends and source of influence in his professional life. Doors opened for him and in 1751, he was appointed as the professor of logic at Glasgow University and reassigned to the chair of moral philosophy in 1752. At this time, his lectures included the field of political economy, rhetoric,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Biography of Adam Smith3516 Words   |  15 PagesBiography of Adam Smith Smith was one of those 18th century Scottish moral philosophers whose impulses led to our modern day theories; his work marks the breakthrough of an evolutionary approach which has progressively displaced the stationary Aristotelian view Invisible Hand:-  § Every individual necessarily labors to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can. He generally indeed neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. He intendsRead MoreThe Invisible Hand By Adam Smith923 Words   |  4 Pagesperson. Obvious that is Adam Smith. Even though, after ten years or thousand years the economists will recall Adam Smith. Moreover, if you visit United Kingdom you can recognize Adam Smith face in the 50 and 20 pounds. ‘Man is an animal that makes bargains†- Adam Smith (Brainy Quote, (n.d)). That is underling the people’s instinct when they make a deal. â€Å"A person, who received his education through hard work, is like an expensive Car’- Adam Smith (Brainy Quote, (n.d)). Adam Smith encouraged people toRead MoreEssay about Equality Is the Center of Society703 Words   |  3 PagesIndependence. Abigail Adams, wife of America’s second president John Adams, often wr ote to her husband asking him to consider elevating women’s status so that they were equal to men (First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams). In a letter to her husband dated March 31, 1776 Adams wrote that she hoped â€Å"†¦you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them then your ancestors.† In the same letter she also states that all men are â€Å"Naturally Tyrannical† (Adams, Document 9), a statementRead MoreAdam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland on an unknown date. While the exact birth date of600 Words   |  3 PagesAdam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland on an unknown date. While the exact birth date of Smith is unknown, records show that he was baptized on June 5, 1723. He was the son of the comptroller of customs in his small village; however, his father sadly died approximately six months prior to Adam being born. He was then raised by a widowed mother. Around the age of 15, Adam Smith attended Glasgow University where he studied moral philosophy. About two years later, in 1940, Smith enrolled inRead MoreAbigail Smith Adams is Known as a Silent Hero to Our Country636 Words   |  2 PagesAbigail Smith Adams were borne on November 11,1744. Her parents were Reverend William Smith and Elizabeth Quincy Smith. She had two sisters named Mary Smith Cranch and Elizabeth Smith Shaw Peabody and one brother named William Smith. She lived in a rich family, and her parents had lots of money. She is known as a silent hero to the country. Abigail Adams was the wife of John Adams, the first Vice President, and the second President of the United State. She was important for being an unofficial adviserRead MoreEconomics Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamental impact upon not only the United States of America, but also upon the world. Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Maynard Keynes, Friedrich Von Hayek, Milton Friedman, and Fengbo Zhang are six men who have accomplished just that. Their opinions, actions, and words have forever changed the world of economics. Adam Smith The â€Å"father of economics† was born in Scotland. His birth occurred during the year of 1723. Adam Smith’s renowned book The Wealth of Nations examined the idea of capital and moneyRead MoreAbigail Adams : American History1560 Words   |  7 PagesAbigail Adams Throughout the early times of this country, the idea of women having rights was far from necessary, but there were a few women out there, such as Abigail Adams who held high hopes that one day this nation that the founding fathers were building up, would allow for women to be treated equally as men. Although Abigail Adams was filled with these hopes, she always found ways to be involved in political issues, not only because she was John Adams wife, but she also aspired that one dayRead MoreEconomic View of Adam Smith1193 Words   |  5 Pagesessay I will be defending Adam Smith and his view on the economy and how the government should not be involved in the market place. I will be using evidence John Stossel gives us through the video we watched. Before then I will give you a brief biography on Adam Smith. Adam Smith was born in 1723 in Scotland. Smith, a philosopher and economist who wrote the book â€Å"causes of the wealth of nations† written in 1776 which was one of the first books on political economy. Smith in this book analyzes theRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Character Analysis1267 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough Hamilton himself was an immigrant, he worked against other immigrants, using his political power to make their lives harder to live for them, â€Å"The musical’s concluding sentiments attach an appealing lesson to the title character’s life. As a biography, though, the celebration of Hamilton’s migrant story obscures the darker reality of his political career. Measured in three dimensions-his use of political attacks on immigrant contemporaries, his role in the Alien and Sedition Acts and his adoptionRead MoreAbigail Adams : Women s Rights2063 Words   |  9 PagesAbigail Adams, a woman very well known today for being one of the first figures for women s rights becoming the first lady during her husband, John Adams presidency. Abigail was born on November 22, 1744 and died on October 28, 1818 (The World of Abigail Adams). Throughout her life she had many long lasting accomplishments and was a leader in her household and for women. She helped make the Americas what they are today and helped give rights to woman. Abigail Adams was an important figure because

Jewish persecution Essay Example For Students

Jewish persecution Essay Jewish PersecutionThe Jewish Persecution began during 1933. The Jews were faced with the terrorist group called the National Socialist German Workers party (Nazi) hate this happened when Hitler came into power. He devised labor camps where he would send individuals who opposed his ideas, and Jews. The conditions in these camps were so bad that it is hard to describe them. The prisoners were treated very badly. In this time, the Nazi government continued to deprive Jews of their rights and possessions. In 1938 Jewish homes and schools are looted or destroyed. Jews could not sit on park benches or swim in public pools. The government seized Jewish businesses as well as personal property. Jews were beaten, more than 90 are killed, and 30,000 Jewish people were sent to concentration camps. They beat Jews in the streets and attacked them in their homes. Jews had to sell their businesses and other property to the government at unnaturally low prices. The night became known as Kristallnacht, a German word meaning Crystal Night.In 1939, 300,000 Jews had been eliminated from the German community. Millions more Jews came under German control. Jews in Poland are forced to wear a yellow Star of David on their chests or a blue-and-white Star of David armband. By the end of the war, the Nazis had killed about 6 million Jewish men, women, and children thats more than two-thirds of the Jews in Europe. Many of the Holocaust victims were killed in specially constructed gas chambers, and their bodi es were then burned. The Nazis also moved many Jews from towns and villages into city ghettos. During 1942-1943 German government officials discuss the Final Solution, their plan to kill all Jews in Europe. This policy called for the murder of every Jewish man, woman, and child under German rule. Jews are deported from Nazi-occupied countries throughout Europe to ghettos, concentration camps and killing centers in Poland. In the early 1940s, several new camps were established, with specially constructed gas chambers disguised as showers. The Nazis herded the Jews into railroad freight cars to be taken to the camps. As many as 2,000 prisoners were sent into the gas chambers at one time. The guards shaved the heads of the corpses and removed any gold teeth from their mouths. Then they burned the bodies in crematoriums or open pits. The well prisoners had their heads shaved and their belongings detained. Camp personnel tattooed a number on the arm of each person. From then on, the prisoners were identified by number instead of by name. There were six death camps, all in German-oc cupied Poland, Auschwitz, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka. Auschwitz was the largest and most dishonorable. It was a slave labor camp as well as a killing center. In the fall of 1943, Allied leaders declared their determination to bring the Nazi leaders to justice for their wartime behavior. In May 1948, the state of Israel officially came into existence and opened its borders to receive the Jews.

Management 300 Study Guid free essay sample

Innovative management for turbulent times Daft Chap 5 Managing ethics and social responsibility Daft Chap 9 Managerial decision making Daft Chap 19 Managing quality and performance OM Chap 7 Process selection, design and analysis OM Chap 12 Managing Inventories OM Chap 18 Project management II Cautions Final exam includes 50 multiple-choice questions, covering both concepts and calculations. †¢ 1-2 bonus question will be given in the format of problem solving. †¢ This study guide pinpoints the major contents of the final exam. It is NOT a comprehensive list of problems on the exam. †¢ Please bring a copy of â€Å"Standard Normal Distribution Table† (posted online in the same folder) †¢ Please bring your own scantron Form F-289-PAR-L (Note: the same as that of Exam II) †¢ Don’t forget to bring your calculator to the exam. The use of lectronic devices will be strictly prohibited III Key concepts and models Daft Chapter 1 Innovative Management for Turbulent Times †¢ The four management functions- planning, organizing, leading, controlling †¢ Planning- identifying goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources to attain them , organizing-assigning responsibility for task accomplishment leading-using influence to motivate employees and controlling- monitoring activities and making corrections Effectiveness-the degree to which the organization achieves a stated goal efficiency- the amount of resources used to produce a desired level of output †¢ Conceptual skills- cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and the relationship amongst its parts , human skills- managers ability to work with and through with other people and work effectively as part of a group technical skills – understanding and proficiency in the performance of a specific task . We will write a custom essay sample on Management 300 Study Guid or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Management levels in the organizational hierarchy- Top managers- gt; moddle managers -gt; first line managers Functional managers= responsible for a department that performs a functional task (actg/fin) versus general managers= responsible for several departments that perform different functions such as the manager at macys/ ford factory †¢ Manager roles: ( ROLE def: set of expectations for ones behavior informational=activities used to maintain and develop an information network, monitoring , dissiminating, spokesperson to communicate information interpersonal= acting as a figurehead, leader, and liason ecisional= entrepreneur , disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator †¢ 10 manager roles = monitor, disseminator and spokesperons ( informational role figurehead, leader, and lisaion ( interpersonal entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator ( decisional Daft Chapter 5 Ethics and Social Responsibility. Domain of codified law,= legal standard domain of ethics= social standard, domain of free choice= personal standard Utilitarian approach= ethical decision making says that ethical choice is one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number †¢ Individualism approach= actions are ethical when they promote the individuals’ best long-term interests, because with everyone pursuing self-interest, the greater good is served †¢ Moral rights approach= ethical decisions are those that best maintain the fundamental rights of people affected by them Justice approach: distributive= different treatment of individuals not be based on arbitrary characteristic /procedural= rules should be clearly stated and consistently and impartially reinforces compensatory = individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible, and individuals should not be held responsible for matters over which they have no controls Virtue ethics approach= moral beh avior stems from personal virtues. If manager develops good character traits and learns to overcome negative traits, he or she will make ethical decisions based on personal virtues. Practical approach= sidesteps debates about what is right, good, or just, and bases decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and the larger society, taking the interests of all stakeholders into account. Stage of moral development: preconvention= individuals are concerned with external rewards and punishments and obey authority to avoid detrimental personal consequences conventional- people learn to conform to the expectations of good behavior as defined by fam/colleagues/society, leadership style is one that encourages interpersonal relationships and cooperation post conventional (principled) = individuals guided by internal set of values based on universal principles of justice and right and will even disobey rules or laws that violate these principles Stakeholder= any group within or outside and organization that has a stake in the organizations performance. key stakeholders= shareholders, employees, customers, and suppliers. †¢ Four criteria of corporate social re sponsibility= economic responsibility-gt; legal responsibility -gt; ethical responsibility-gt; discretionary responsibility. Ethical structures( thics committee= group of executives appointed to oversee company ethics, provides ruling on questionable ethical issues chief ethics officer= company executive that oversees all the aspects of ethics an legal compliance ethics training – help employees deal with ethical questions and translate values stated in code of ethics into everyday behavior Daft Chapter 9 Managerial Decision Making Programed = one made in response to a situation that has occurred often enough to enable managers to develop decision rules that can be applied in the future nonprogramed decisions= one made in response to a situation that is unique , poorly defined and largely unstructured , has important consequences for the organization. Decision making under certainty= a situation in which all the information the decision make needs is fully available risk= decision has clear cut goals and good information is available, but the future outcomes associated with each alternative are subject to chance. ncertainty = managers know which goals they want to achieve but information about alternatives and future events is incomplete ambiguity= condition In which the goals to be achieved or the problem to be solved is unclear, alternatives are difficult to define, and information about outcomes is unavailable †¢ Classical (normative) model= aka rational approach to decision making, based on assumption that managers should make logical decisions that are economically sensible and in the organization’s best economic interests. Model is normative. defines how a manager SHOULD make logical decisions and provides guidelines for reaching an ideal outcome †¢ Administrative (descriptive) model= includes concepts of bounded rationality and satificing and describes how managers make decisions in situation that are characterized by uncertainty and ambiguity †¢ Political model= considers debate, discussion, and coalition building within the organization Bounded rationality= people have the time and cognitive ability to process only a limited amount of information on which to base decisions †¢ Satisfying= choosing the first alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria, regardless of whether better solutions are presumed to exist. Decision styles: directive= people who prefer simple, celar cut solutions to problems , quick decisions, rely on existing rules and procedures analytical= eople who consider complex solutions based on as much data as they can gather, best possible decision based on the information available conceptual= consider a broad amount of information however they are more socially orientated that those with analytical style (ie: Obama) and behavioral= adopted by managers with deep concern for others as individuals, talk to people one on one and understand feelings on problems. Concerned with personal development of others and make decisions that help others achieve their goals. Daft Chapter 19 Managerial Quality and Performance †¢ Organizational control- the systematic process through which managers regulate organizational activities to meet planned goals and standards of performance †¢ The balanced scorecard= comprehensive management control system that balances traditional financial measures with measured of customer service , internal business processes, and the organizations capacity for learning and growth. Four typical components of the balanced scorecard= financial, internal business processes, learning and growth, customers. †¢ Feedback control model= involves using feedback to determine whethe performance meets established standards. Includes establishing standards, measures performance, compare performance to standards, and make corrections as necessary. Expense budget,= outlines the anticipate and actual expenses for a responsibility center revenue budget= lists forecasted and actual revenues of the organization cash budget,= estimates receipts and expenditures of money on a daily or weekly basis to ensure that an organization has sufficient cash to meet its obligations capital budget= estimates receipts and expenditures of money on a daily or weekly basis to ensure that an organization has sufficient cash to meet its obligations †¢ Balance sheet= shows firms financial position with espect to assets and liabilities at a specific point in time †¢ Income statement= summarizes the firms financial performance for a given time interval †¢ Liquidity ratios (current ratio and quick ratio)= measures firms ability to meet its current debt obligations current ratio= current assets/ current liabilities †¢ Quick ratio = cash + acc receivable / current liabilities. Activity ratios (inventory turnover, conversion ratio) – measures organizations internal performance with respect to key activities defined by management inventory turnover= total assets/ average inventory onversion ratio = purchase orders/ customer inquiries †¢ Profitability ratios = describes the firms profits relative to a source of profits such as sales or assets. margin on sales= net income /sales return on total assets = net income/ total assets †¢ Gross profit= revenue – c. o. g. s. operating profit= gross profit – operating expenses net profit = operating profit- non operating income taxes †¢ Leverage ratios- describes the firms profits relative to a source of profits such as sales or assets †¢ Hierarchical versus decentralized control ierarchial = monitoring and influencing employee behavior through exntesive use of rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, writeen documentation, and other formal mechanisms decentralize control= organ ization fosters compliance with organizational controls through the use of organizational culture, group norms, and focus on goals rather than rules and precedures †¢ TQM= popular decentralized control philosophy where the entire org. nfused quality into every activity in a company through continuous improvement †¢ Quality circles= group of 6-12 employees who meet to discuss and solve problems affecting the quality of their work †¢ Benchmarking= continuous process of measuring products. , services, and practice against the toughest competitor †¢ Six sigma= highly ambitious quality standard that specifies a goal of no more than 3. defects per million parts, emphasized disciplined relentless pursuit of higher quality and lower costs. †¢ Reduced cycle time= steps take to complete a company process, improvement possible by focusing on improved responsiveness and acceleration of activities in shorter time †¢ Continuous improvement= KAIZEN, the implementation of large number of small incremental improvements in all aread of the organization on an ongoing basis.